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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (15) Show 15 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC

Update Date

2023-02-21 17:14:33 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0000143

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB0005762
HMDB00143
HMDB05762

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

D-Galactose

Description

D-Galactose (CAS: 59-23-4) is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. D-Galactose is an energy-providing nutrient and also a necessary basic substrate for the biosynthesis of many macromolecules in the body. Metabolic pathways for D-galactose are important not only for the provision of these pathways but also for the prevention of D-galactose metabolite accumulation. The main source of D-galactose is lactose in the milk of mammals, but it can also be found in some fruits and vegetables. Utilization of D-galactose in all living cells is initiated by the phosphorylation of the hexose by the enzyme galactokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.6) (GALK) to form D-galactose-1-phosphate. In the presence of D-galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (E.C. 2.7.7.12) (GALT) D-galactose-1-phosphate is exchanged with glucose-1-phosphate in UDP-glucose to form UDP-galactose. Glucose-1-phosphate will then enter the glycolytic pathway for energy production. Deficiency of the enzyme GALT in galactosemic patients leads to the accumulation of D-galactose-1-phosphate. Classic galactosemia, a term that denotes the presence of D-galactose in the blood, is the rare inborn error of D-galactose metabolism, diagnosed by the deficiency of the second enzyme of the D-galactose assimilation pathway, GALT, which, in turn, is caused by mutations at the GALT gene (PMID: 15256214 , 11020650 , 10408771 ). Galactose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 03-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   03-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0      21.231 -30.077   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  O   UNK     0      23.898 -33.157   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      21.231 -34.697   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0      18.564 -33.157   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      18.564 -30.077   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      22.565 -32.387   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      21.231 -33.157   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0      22.565 -30.847   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0      19.897 -32.387   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0      19.897 -30.847   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0      23.898 -30.077   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0      17.230 -30.847   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    8   10                                                       
CONECT    2    6                                                            
CONECT    3    7                                                            
CONECT    4    9                                                            
CONECT    5   10   12                                                       
CONECT    6    2    7    8                                                  
CONECT    7    3    6    9                                                  
CONECT    8    1    6   11                                                  
CONECT    9    4    7   10                                                  
CONECT   10    1    9    5                                                  
CONECT   11    8                                                            
CONECT   12    5                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   24    0
END

View in JSmol View NMR Assignments View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
ALPHA D-GALACTOSE	ChEBI
alpha-D-Gal	ChEBI
Gal-alpha	ChEBI
alpha-D-Galactose	Kegg
a D-GALACTOSE	Generator
Α D-galactose	Generator
a-D-Gal	Generator
Α-D-gal	Generator
Gal-a	Generator
Gal-α	Generator
a-D-Galactose	Generator
Α-D-galactose	Generator
(+)-Galactose	HMDB
5Abp	HMDB
8Abp	HMDB
alpha-D-Galactopyranose	HMDB
D-(+)-Galactose	HMDB
D-Hexose	HMDB
GAL	HMDB
Galactose	HMDB
Galactose (NF)	HMDB
GLA	HMDB
GLC	HMDB
Hexose	HMDB
SHU 508 a	MeSH, HMDB
SH-TA-508	MeSH, HMDB
SHU 508	MeSH, HMDB
Levovist	MeSH, HMDB
SHU-508	MeSH, HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₂O₆

Average Molecular Weight

180.1559

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

180.063388116

IUPAC Name

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol

Traditional Name

galactose

CAS Registry Number

3646-73-9

SMILES

OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1

InChI Key

WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic oxygen compounds

Class

Organooxygen compounds

Sub Class

Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates

Direct Parent

Hexoses

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Hexose monosaccharide
Oxane
Secondary alcohol
Hemiacetal
Oxacycle
Organoheterocyclic compound
Polyol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary alcohol
Alcohol
Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

D-galactopyranose (CHEBI:28061 )

Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	170 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	683 mg/mL	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct Type	Data Source	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
[M-H]-	Astarita_neg	130.0	30932474

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	782 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-2.6	ALOGPS
logP	-2.9	ChemAxon
logS	0.64	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	11.3	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	110.38 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.92 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	16.13 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	1	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DarkChem	[M+H]+	140.162	31661259
DarkChem	[M-H]-	136.184	31661259
AllCCS	[M+H]+	140.814	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	131.809	32859911
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	141.291	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	138.905	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	173.397	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	147.703	30932474
AllCCS	[M+H]+	140.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M+H-H2O]+	136.7	32859911
AllCCS	[M+NH4]+	144.7	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na]+	145.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M-H]-	131.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M+Na-2H]-	132.8	32859911
AllCCS	[M+HCOO]-	134.0	32859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic Method	Retention Time	Reference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.	0.47 minutes	32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022	9.6866 minutes	33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022	6.01 minutes	32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid	302.0 seconds	40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	634.4 seconds	40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid	309.4 seconds	40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	33.2 seconds	40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	183.4 seconds	40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	76.7 seconds	40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	293.2 seconds	40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	226.3 seconds	40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)	703.6 seconds	40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid	577.8 seconds	40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	42.0 seconds	40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	785.4 seconds	40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	196.6 seconds	40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	260.1 seconds	40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate	650.8 seconds	40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA	366.5 seconds	40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water	323.2 seconds	40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
D-Galactose	OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	3448.8	Standard polar	33892256
D-Galactose	OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1916.4	Standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose	OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1649.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / Structure	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1738.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1673.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	1683.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	1688.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1678.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1722.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #10	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1681.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1737.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1742.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1712.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1701.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #6	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	1703.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #7	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1679.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #8	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	1697.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TMS,isomer #9	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1692.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	1703.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #10	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]1CO	1736.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1753.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1717.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1748.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1766.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #6	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1701.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #7	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1739.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #8	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1733.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TMS,isomer #9	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1725.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	1815.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #2	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1815.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #3	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1820.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #4	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1819.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TMS,isomer #5	C[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO	1800.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,5TMS,isomer #1	C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C	1877.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2002.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1940.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	1940.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O	1947.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,1TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	1943.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2208.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #10	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2181.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2210.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2219.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2197.5	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O	2193.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #6	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	2195.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #7	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2180.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #8	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O	2190.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,2TBDMS,isomer #9	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2192.8	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O	2441.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #10	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]1CO	2455.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2449.6	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2445.1	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2466.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2468.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #6	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2439.7	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #7	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2451.2	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #8	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2451.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,3TBDMS,isomer #9	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2454.9	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O	2671.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #2	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2668.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #3	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2664.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #4	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2681.0	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,4TBDMS,isomer #5	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO	2669.4	Semi standard non polar	33892256
D-Galactose,5TBDMS,isomer #1	CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C	2890.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Spectra

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular
Lysosome

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Breast Milk
Cellular Cytoplasm
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Feces
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Brain
Liver
Prostate

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG
Galactose Metabolism
Nucleotide Sugars Metabolism
Lactose Degradation		Not Available
Galactosemia II (GALK)		Not Available
Galactosemia III		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	210.0 +/- 92.0 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	88.3 +/- 34.7 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	39.0 +/- 12.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1.0 (0.0-5.0) uM	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	14988808	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	17 (0-39) uM	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	<440 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Available	Normal	9296537	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	<110 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Available	Normal	9296537	details
Breast Milk	Detected and Quantified	92.3 +/- 49.1 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	24027187	details
Cellular Cytoplasm	Detected and Quantified	4.6 (0.0-9.2) uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	11901058	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	166.0 +/- 99.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	25037050	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	25985090	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24029555	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	22411374	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	20669995	details
Feces	Detected and Quantified	746.576 +/- 394.103 nmol/g wet feces	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	20669995	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	12097436	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	22308371	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	83.46 +/- 31.16 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Zerihun T. Dame, ...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	85-140 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	31506554	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0-500 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	25012580	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	15.0 (0.0-33.0) umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	4.4 (0.0-31.0) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	5.0 (0.0-19.0) umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.8 (0.0-11.0) umol/mmol creatinine	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	3.3 (1.3-8.5) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	10.034 +/- 12.935 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	11.9 (5.4-25.2) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	262.58 +/- 881.72 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Normal	2026685	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.52 (0.12-1.25) uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Hypergalactosemia with porto-hepatic venous shunts and haemangiomas	11092512	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.72 (0.58-3.98) uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency (galactosemia)	11092512	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2.720 (0.580-3.980) uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Galactosemia type 1	11092512	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	440-1110 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Available	Patent Ductus Venosus	9296537	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	<110 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Available	Patent Ductus Venosus	9296537	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	330-440 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Available	Patent Ductus Venosus	9296537	details
Cellular Cytoplasm	Detected and Quantified	1496.5 (921.0 - 2070) uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Galactosemia	11901058	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal Cancer	27275383	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	27015276	details
Feces	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Colorectal cancer	25037050	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	12.219 +/- 17.901 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1 - 13 years old)	Not Specified	Eosinophilic esophagitis	Analysis of 30 no...	details
Urine	Detected but not Quantified	Not Quantified	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Bladder cancer	28157703	details

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency
Ning C, Segal S: Plasma galactose and galactitol concentration in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia: determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism. 2000 Nov;49(11):1460-6. [PubMed:11092512 ]
Galactosemia type 1
Ning C, Segal S: Plasma galactose and galactitol concentration in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia: determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism. 2000 Nov;49(11):1460-6. [PubMed:11092512 ]
Patent Ductus Venosus
Sakura N, Mizoguchi N, Eguchi T, Ono H, Mawatari H, Naitou K, Ito K: Elevated plasma bile acids in hypergalactosaemic neonates: a diagnostic clue to portosystemic shunts. Eur J Pediatr. 1997 Sep;156(9):716-8. [PubMed:9296537 ]
Galactosemia
Chen J, Yager C, Reynolds R, Palmieri M, Segal S: Erythrocyte galactose 1-phosphate quantified by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2002;48(4):604-12. [PubMed:11901058 ]
Colorectal cancer
Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ] Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ] Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.

Associated OMIM IDs

230400 (Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency)
230400 (Galactosemia type 1)
601466 (Patent Ductus Venosus)
114500 (Colorectal cancer)
610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB021787

KNApSAcK ID

C00001119

Chemspider ID

Not Available

KEGG Compound ID

C00984

BioCyc ID

ALPHA-D-GALACTOSE

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Galactose

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

439357

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

28061

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

GAL

MarkerDB ID

Not Available

Good Scents ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Avigad, Gad. Synthesis of D-galactose-6-t and D-galactosides-6-t. Carbohydrate Research (1967), 3(4), 430-4.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Not Available

General References

Tyfield L, Reichardt J, Fridovich-Keil J, Croke DT, Elsas LJ 2nd, Strobl W, Kozak L, Coskun T, Novelli G, Okano Y, Zekanowski C, Shin Y, Boleda MD: Classical galactosemia and mutations at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):417-30. [PubMed:10408771 ]
Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed:2026685 ]
Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed:12097436 ]
Ning C, Segal S: Plasma galactose and galactitol concentration in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia: determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism. 2000 Nov;49(11):1460-6. [PubMed:11092512 ]
Ning C, Reynolds R, Chen J, Yager C, Berry GT, McNamara PD, Leslie N, Segal S: Galactose metabolism by the mouse with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):211-7. [PubMed:10926297 ]
Rapoport EM, Nekrasov MV, Khaidukov SV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Zhigis LS, Kozlov LV, Batalova TN, Zubov VP, Bovin NV: Cellular localization of the galactose-binding lectin from human serum. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Nov;65(11):1316-20. [PubMed:11112850 ]
Xu J, Ma M, Purcell WM: Optimizing the enzymatic determination of galactose in the culture medium of rat liver and HepG2 cell spheroids. Anal Biochem. 2002 Dec 15;311(2):179-81. [PubMed:12470678 ]
Seiler CA, Renner EL, Czerniak A, Didonna D, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Early acute cellular rejection: no effect on late hepatic allograft function in man. Transpl Int. 1999;12(3):195-201. [PubMed:10429957 ]
Schadewaldt P, Hammen HW, Loganathan K, Bodner-Leidecker A, Wendel U: Analysis of concentration and (13)C enrichment of D-galactose in human plasma. Clin Chem. 2000 May;46(5):612-9. [PubMed:10794741 ]
Fenn PT, Ning C, Segal S, Blair IA: Determination of [(13)C]galactose enrichment in human plasma by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom. 2000 Feb;35(2):218-23. [PubMed:10679984 ]
van den Nieuwenhof IM, Renardel de Lavalette C, Diaz N, van Die I, van den Berg TK: Differential galactosylation of neuronal and haematopoietic signal regulatory protein-alpha determines its cellular binding-specificity. J Cell Sci. 2001 Apr;114(Pt 7):1321-9. [PubMed:11256998 ]
Hernandez DE, Cohen A, Fisher D, Correnti M, Harner R: Antibody levels against galactosyl (alpha1 --> 3) galactose epitopes in cervical mucus from patients with human papillomavirus infection. Gynecol Oncol. 2002 Mar;84(3):374-7. [PubMed:11855872 ]
Ono H, Mawatari H, Mizoguchi N, Eguchi T, Sakura N, Hamakawa M: Transient galactosemia detected by neonatal mass screening. Pediatr Int. 1999 Jun;41(3):281-4. [PubMed:10365579 ]
Tamamori A, Fujimoto A, Okano Y, Kobayashi K, Saheki T, Tagami Y, Takei H, Shigematsu Y, Hata I, Ozaki H, Tokuhara D, Nishimura Y, Yorifuji T, Igarashi N, Ohura T, Shimizu T, Inui K, Sakai N, Abukawa D, Miyakawa T, Matsumori M, Ban K, Kaneko H, Yamano T: Effects of citrin deficiency in the perinatal period: feasibility of newborn mass screening for citrin deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2004 Oct;56(4):608-14. Epub 2004 Aug 4. [PubMed:15295082 ]
Wang ZJ, Berry GT, Dreha SF, Zhao H, Segal S, Zimmerman RA: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metabolites in galactosemia. Ann Neurol. 2001 Aug;50(2):266-9. [PubMed:11506413 ]
Niebroj-Dobosz I, Janik P, Jamrozik Z, Kwiecinski H: Immunochemical quantification of glycoconjugates in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol. 1999 May;6(3):335-40. [PubMed:10210915 ]
Schmidt LE, Ott P, Tygstrup N: Galactose elimination capacity as a prognostic marker in patients with severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: 10 years' experience. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 May;2(5):418-24. [PubMed:15118981 ]
Vironen J, Kellokumpu S, Andersson LC, Kellokumpu I: Comparison of a peanut agglutinin test and an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in detecting colorectal neoplasia in symptomatic patients. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2004 Apr;64(2):140-5. [PubMed:15115252 ]
Yago H, Kohgo Y, Kato J, Watanabe N, Sakamaki S, Niitsu Y: Detection and quantification of soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor in human serum. Hepatology. 1995 Feb;21(2):383-8. [PubMed:7843709 ]
Chen J, Yager C, Reynolds R, Palmieri M, Segal S: Erythrocyte galactose 1-phosphate quantified by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2002;48(4):604-12. [PubMed:11901058 ]
Mizoguchi N, Ono H, Eguchi T, Sakura N: Galactose metabolites in blood from neonates with and without hypergalactosaemia detected by mass screening. Eur J Pediatr. 2000 Nov;159(11):851-3. [PubMed:11079200 ]
Cavalli C, Teng C, Battaglia FC, Bevilacqua G: Free sugar and sugar alcohol concentrations in human breast milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Feb;42(2):215-21. [PubMed:16456418 ]
Shamsuddin AM, Tyner GT, Yang GY: Common expression of the tumor marker D-galactose-beta-[1-->3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine by different adenocarcinomas: evidence of field effect phenomenon. Cancer Res. 1995 Jan 1;55(1):149-52. [PubMed:7805025 ]
Wan CC, Muldrey JE, Li SC, Li YT: beta-Mannosidase from the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. J Biol Chem. 1976 Jul 25;251(14):4384-8. [PubMed:6478 ]
Redaelli CA, Dufour JF, Wagner M, Schilling M, Husler J, Krahenbuhl L, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Preoperative galactose elimination capacity predicts complications and survival after hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 2002 Jan;235(1):77-85. [PubMed:11753045 ]
Rudzeviciene O, Narkeviciute I, Eidukevicius R: Lactose malabsorption in young Lithuanian children with atopic dermatitis. Acta Paediatr. 2004 Apr;93(4):482-6. [PubMed:15188975 ]
Lai K, Klapa MI: Alternative pathways of galactose assimilation: could inverse metabolic engineering provide an alternative to galactosemic patients? Metab Eng. 2004 Jul;6(3):239-44. [PubMed:15256214 ]
Liu G, Hale GE, Hughes CL: Galactose metabolism and ovarian toxicity. Reprod Toxicol. 2000 Sep-Oct;14(5):377-84. [PubMed:11020650 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 15 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Aldose reductase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
Gene Name:: AKR1B1
Uniprot ID:: P15121
Molecular weight:: 35853.125

Enzyme Details

2. Hexokinase-3

General function:: Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: HK3
Uniprot ID:: P52790
Molecular weight:: 99024.56

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + D-Galactose → ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate	details

Enzyme Details

3. Hexokinase-2

General function:: Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: HK2
Uniprot ID:: P52789
Molecular weight:: 102379.06

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + D-Galactose → ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate	details

Enzyme Details

4. Hexokinase-1

General function:: Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: HK1
Uniprot ID:: P19367
Molecular weight:: 102485.1

Reactions

Adenosine triphosphate + D-Galactose → ADP + Glucose 6-phosphate	details

Enzyme Details

5. Galactocerebrosidase

General function:: Involved in galactosylceramidase activity
Specific function:: Hydrolyzes the galactose ester bonds of galactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, lactosylceramide, and monogalactosyldiglyceride. Enzyme with very low activity responsible for the lysosomal catabolism of galactosylceramide, a major lipid in myelin, kidney and epithelial cells of small intestine and colon.
Gene Name:: GALC
Uniprot ID:: P54803
Molecular weight:: 77062.86

Enzyme Details

6. Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:: LPH splits lactose in the small intestine.
Gene Name:: LCT
Uniprot ID:: P09848
Molecular weight:: 218584.77

Enzyme Details

7. Alpha-galactosidase A

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: GLA
Uniprot ID:: P06280
Molecular weight:: Not Available

Enzyme Details

8. Beta-galactosidase

General function:: Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:: Cleaves beta-linked terminal galactosyl residues from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans. Isoform 2 has no beta-galactosidase catalytic activity, but plays functional roles in the formation of extracellular elastic fibers (elastogenesis) and in the development of connective tissue. Seems to be identical to the elastin-binding protein (EBP), a major component of the non-integrin cell surface receptor expressed on fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, chondroblasts, leukocytes, and certain cancer cell types. In elastin producing cells, associates with tropoelastin intracellularly and functions as a recycling molecular chaperone which facilitates the secretions of tropoelastin and its assembly into elastic fibers.
Gene Name:: GLB1
Uniprot ID:: P16278
Molecular weight:: Not Available

Enzyme Details

9. N-acetylgalactosamine kinase

General function:: Involved in galactokinase activity
Specific function:: Acts on GalNAc. Also acts as a galactokinase when galactose is present at high concentrations. May be involved in a salvage pathway for the reutilization of free GalNAc derived from the degradation of complex carbohydrates.
Gene Name:: GALK2
Uniprot ID:: Q01415
Molecular weight:: 49234.57

Enzyme Details

10. Galactokinase

General function:: Involved in galactokinase activity
Specific function:: Major enzyme for galactose metabolism.
Gene Name:: GALK1
Uniprot ID:: P51570
Molecular weight:: 42271.805

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 15 proteins in total.

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Showing metabocard for D-Galactose (HMDB0000143)

MOL for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

3D MOL for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

3D SDF for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

3D-SDF for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

PDB for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

3D PDB for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

SMILES for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

INCHI for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

Structure for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

3D Structure for HMDB0000143 (D-Galactose)

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Derivatized

Enzymes

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