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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 14:17:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:15 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002356
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0060125
  • HMDB02356
  • HMDB60125
Metabolite Identification
Common NameHexacosanoic acid
DescriptionHexacosanoic acid, or cerotic acid, is a 26-carbon long-chain saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)24COOH. It is most commonly found in beeswax and carnauba wax, and is a white crystalline solid. Cerotic acid is also a type of very long chain fatty acid that is often associated with the disease adrenoleukodystrophy, which involves the excessive saturation of unmetabolized fatty acid chains, including cerotic acid, in the peroxisome. Hexacosanoic acid, also known as C26:0 or N-hexacosanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms. Hexacosanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Hexacosanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound.
Structure
Data?1601253827
Synonyms
ValueSource
C26:0ChEBI
Ceratinic acidChEBI
Ceric acidChEBI
Cerinic acidChEBI
Cerotic acidChEBI
Cerotinic acidChEBI
Cerylic acidChEBI
CH3-[CH2]24-COOHChEBI
HexacosansaeureChEBI
Hexacosoic acidChEBI
Hexaeicosanoic acidChEBI
N-C26:0ChEBI
N-Hexacosanoic acidChEBI
CeratinateGenerator
CerateGenerator
CerinateGenerator
CerotateGenerator
CerotinateGenerator
CerylateGenerator
HexacosoateGenerator
HexaeicosanoateGenerator
N-HexacosanoateGenerator
HexacosanoateGenerator
Hexacosanoate (N-C26:0)HMDB
Hexacosanoic acidPhytoBank
FA(26:0)PhytoBank
Chemical FormulaC26H52O2
Average Molecular Weight396.6899
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight396.396730908
IUPAC Namehexacosanoic acid
Traditional Namehexacosanoic acid
CAS Registry Number506-46-7
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C26H52O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-26(27)28/h2-25H2,1H3,(H,27,28)
InChI KeyXMHIUKTWLZUKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentVery long-chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Very long-chain fatty acid
  • Straight chain fatty acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point88.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.8e-05 g/LALOGPS
logP9.87ALOGPS
logP10.7ChemAxon
logS-7.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.95ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count24ChemAxon
Refractivity123.09 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability55.83 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+207.61131661259
DarkChem[M-H]-208.70531661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+199.6930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-196.94130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-231.88930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+208.1830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+221.932859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+219.832859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+223.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+224.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-204.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-207.532859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-210.532859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.10.63 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202234.5433 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20222.24 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid54.2 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid4210.7 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid1016.8 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid377.1 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid519.0 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid798.4 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1455.7 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid1414.2 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)116.9 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid3217.5 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid843.8 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid2673.4 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid1228.0 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid727.5 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate1079.1 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA824.6 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water8.6 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Hexacosanoic acidCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O4150.1Standard polar33892256
Hexacosanoic acidCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O2902.3Standard non polar33892256
Hexacosanoic acidCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O2965.6Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Hexacosanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C3033.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Hexacosanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3293.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue Locations
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Fibroblasts
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.83 +/- 0.45 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.110 +/- 0.006 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.781 (0.277-1.563) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.790 (0.450-1.320) uMNot SpecifiedBothNormal
    • Physician's Guide...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.832 +/- 0.454 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.832 +/- 0.454 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.9 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.45-1.32 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified4.10 (2.42 - 6.43) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothAdrenomyeloneuropathy details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.993 (0.252-1.622) uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothAdrenoleukodystrophy, neonatal
    • MetaGene: Metabol...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.21 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Male
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.33 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata
details
BloodDetected and Quantified7.9 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not Specified
Zellweger syndrome
details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.300-2.370 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Female
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2.0167-2.0923 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Male
Peroxisomal disorders, new type, liver
details
BloodDetected and Quantified4.710-6.700 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Peroxisomal biogenesis disorder
details
BloodDetected and Quantified7.200-18.400 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not Specified
Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
details
BloodDetected and Quantified7.310 (4.185-11.218) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Zellweger syndrome
details
BloodDetected and Quantified2.571-4.512 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy details
BloodDetected and Quantified2.26 uMChildren (1-13 years old)Not SpecifiedX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy details
BloodDetected and Quantified6.806 uMInfant (0-1 year old)MalePseudo Zellweger->D-bifunctional protein deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified7.167 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemalePseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy details
BloodDetected and Quantified1.0-1.3 uMChildren (1-13 years old)MaleMental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma details
BloodDetected and Quantified5.4 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedD-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Adrenomyeloneuropathy
  1. Sadeghi-Nejad A, Senior B: Adrenomyeloneuropathy presenting as Addison's disease in childhood. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 4;322(1):13-6. [PubMed:2294415 ]
Adrenoleukodystrophy, neonatal
  1. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata
  1. Baumgartner MR, Poll-The BT, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C, Espeel M, Roels F, Rabier D, Levade T, Rolland MO, Martinez M, Wanders RJ, Saudubray JM: Clinical approach to inherited peroxisomal disorders: a series of 27 patients. Ann Neurol. 1998 Nov;44(5):720-30. [PubMed:9818927 ]
Peroxisomal biogenesis defect
  1. Baumgartner MR, Poll-The BT, Verhoeven NM, Jakobs C, Espeel M, Roels F, Rabier D, Levade T, Rolland MO, Martinez M, Wanders RJ, Saudubray JM: Clinical approach to inherited peroxisomal disorders: a series of 27 patients. Ann Neurol. 1998 Nov;44(5):720-30. [PubMed:9818927 ]
  2. Mandel H, Espeel M, Roels F, Sofer N, Luder A, Iancu TC, Aizin A, Berant M, Wanders RJ, Schutgens RB: A new type of peroxisomal disorder with variable expression in liver and fibroblasts. J Pediatr. 1994 Oct;125(4):549-55. [PubMed:7931872 ]
Peroxisomal disorders, new type, liver
  1. Mandel H, Espeel M, Roels F, Sofer N, Luder A, Iancu TC, Aizin A, Berant M, Wanders RJ, Schutgens RB: A new type of peroxisomal disorder with variable expression in liver and fibroblasts. J Pediatr. 1994 Oct;125(4):549-55. [PubMed:7931872 ]
  2. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Adrenoleukodystrophy
  1. Steinberg SJ, Fensom AH, Dalton NR, Toseland PA, Kennedy CR, Mowat AP: Measurement of plasma very long-chain fatty acids as a preliminary screening procedure for the diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(3):323-6. [PubMed:7807943 ]
  2. ten Brink HJ, van den Heuvel CM, Poll-The BT, Wanders RJ, Jakobs C: Peroxisomal disorders: concentrations of metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid compared with plasma. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(3):587-90. [PubMed:7609459 ]
D-Bifunctional protein deficiency
  1. Watkins PA, Chen WW, Harris CJ, Hoefler G, Hoefler S, Blake DC Jr, Balfe A, Kelley RI, Moser AB, Beard ME, et al.: Peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1989 Mar;83(3):771-7. [PubMed:2921319 ]
  2. Rizzo C, Boenzi S, Wanders RJ, Duran M, Caruso U, Dionisi-Vici C: Characteristic acylcarnitine profiles in inherited defects of peroxisome biogenesis: a novel tool for screening diagnosis using tandem mass spectrometry. Pediatr Res. 2003 Jun;53(6):1013-8. doi: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000064902.59052.0F. Epub 2003 Mar 19. [PubMed:12646728 ]
Pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
  1. Poll-The BT, Roels F, Ogier H, Scotto J, Vamecq J, Schutgens RB, Wanders RJ, van Roermund CW, van Wijland MJ, Schram AW, et al.: A new peroxisomal disorder with enlarged peroxisomes and a specific deficiency of acyl-CoA oxidase (pseudo-neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy). Am J Hum Genet. 1988 Mar;42(3):422-34. [PubMed:2894756 ]
Mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma
  1. Martinelli D, Travaglini L, Drouin CA, Ceballos-Picot I, Rizza T, Bertini E, Carrozzo R, Petrini S, de Lonlay P, El Hachem M, Hubert L, Montpetit A, Torre G, Dionisi-Vici C: MEDNIK syndrome: a novel defect of copper metabolism treatable by zinc acetate therapy. Brain. 2013 Mar;136(Pt 3):872-81. doi: 10.1093/brain/awt012. Epub 2013 Feb 18. [PubMed:23423674 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 300100 (Adrenomyeloneuropathy)
  • 215100 (Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata)
  • 214100 (Peroxisomal biogenesis defect)
  • 300100 (Adrenoleukodystrophy)
  • 261515 (D-Bifunctional protein deficiency)
  • 264470 (Pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy)
  • 609313 (Mental retardation, enteropathy, deafness, peripheral neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB004035
KNApSAcK IDC00035114
Chemspider ID10037
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID1459812
Wikipedia LinkCerotic acid
METLIN ID6642
PubChem Compound10469
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID31009
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDHEXC
MarkerDB IDMDB00000391
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceTsuji S; Sano T; Ariga T; Miyatake T Increased synthesis of hexacosanoic acid (C23:0) by cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). Journal of biochemistry (1981), 90(4), 1233-6.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Dhaunsi GS, Kaur J, Alsaeid K, Turner RB, Bitar MS: Very long chain fatty acids activate NADPH oxidase in human dermal fibroblasts. Cell Biochem Funct. 2005 Jan-Feb;23(1):65-8. [PubMed:15565636 ]
  2. Moser HW, Moser AB, Powers JM, Nitowsky HM, Schaumburg HH, Norum RA, Migeon BR: The prenatal diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy. Demonstration of increased hexacosanoic acid levels in cultured amniocytes and fetal adrenal gland. Pediatr Res. 1982 Mar;16(3):172-5. [PubMed:7063272 ]
  3. Thiele I, Swainston N, Fleming RM, Hoppe A, Sahoo S, Aurich MK, Haraldsdottir H, Mo ML, Rolfsson O, Stobbe MD, Thorleifsson SG, Agren R, Bolling C, Bordel S, Chavali AK, Dobson P, Dunn WB, Endler L, Hala D, Hucka M, Hull D, Jameson D, Jamshidi N, Jonsson JJ, Juty N, Keating S, Nookaew I, Le Novere N, Malys N, Mazein A, Papin JA, Price ND, Selkov E Sr, Sigurdsson MI, Simeonidis E, Sonnenschein N, Smallbone K, Sorokin A, van Beek JH, Weichart D, Goryanin I, Nielsen J, Westerhoff HV, Kell DB, Mendes P, Palsson BO: A community-driven global reconstruction of human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2013 May;31(5):419-25. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2488. Epub 2013 Mar 3. [PubMed:23455439 ]
  4. Deon M, Wajner M, Sirtori LR, Fitarelli D, Coelho DM, Sitta A, Barschak AG, Ferreira GC, Haeser A, Giugliani R, Vargas CR: The effect of Lorenzo's oil on oxidative stress in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. J Neurol Sci. 2006 Sep 25;247(2):157-64. Epub 2006 Jun 5. [PubMed:16750542 ]
  5. Brunk E, Sahoo S, Zielinski DC, Altunkaya A, Drager A, Mih N, Gatto F, Nilsson A, Preciat Gonzalez GA, Aurich MK, Prlic A, Sastry A, Danielsdottir AD, Heinken A, Noronha A, Rose PW, Burley SK, Fleming RMT, Nielsen J, Thiele I, Palsson BO: Recon3D enables a three-dimensional view of gene variation in human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Mar;36(3):272-281. doi: 10.1038/nbt.4072. Epub 2018 Feb 19. [PubMed:29457794 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate.
Gene Name:
ACSL1
Uniprot ID:
P33121
Molecular weight:
77942.685