| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-08-13 04:36:31 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:16:49 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0003771 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0029172
- HMDB03771
- HMDB29172
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid |
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| Description | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid (CAS: 2382-59-4) is a metabolite that has an increased excretion in patients with acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (EC 2.3.1.9) deficiency (OMIM: 607809 , ACAT1; OMIM: 100678 , ACAT2; OMIM: 604770 , ACAA2; OMIM: 607809 ). Thiolases are ubiquitous and important enzymes. Several isoenzymes are known, which can occur in the cytosol (ACAT2), the mitochondria (ACAT1), or the peroxisomes (ACAA2). Thiolases are CoA-dependent enzymes which catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond in a Claisen condensation step and its reverse reaction via a thiolytic degradation mechanism. Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thiolase (T2) is important in the pathways for the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies as well as for the degradation of 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA (PMID: 17371050 , 14518824 , 9744475 , 9001814 ). Moreover, 2-methylacetoacetic acid is found to be associated with beta-ketothiolase deficiency, which is also an inborn error of metabolism. 2-Methylacetoacetic acid is found in urine and can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of beta-ketothiolase deficiency. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-3(4(2)6)5(7)8/h3H,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t3-/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 2-Methylacetoacetate | Generator | | 2-Methyl-3-oxo-butyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-3-oxo-butyrate | HMDB | | 2Methyl-3-ketovalerate | HMDB | | (+/-)-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate | HMDB | | (+/-)-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid | HMDB | | 2-Acetylpropionic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-3-ketobutyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-3-oxo-butanoate | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-3-oxo-butanoic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-3-oxobutanoate | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-3-oxobutyric acid | HMDB | | 2-Methyl-acetoacetic acid | HMDB | | 3-oxo-2-Methylbutyric acid | HMDB | | a-Methylacetoacetic acid | HMDB | | alpha-Methylacetoacetate | HMDB | | alpha-Methylacetoacetic acid | HMDB | | (-)-2-Methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid | HMDB | | (2S)-2-Methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid | HMDB | | (S)-2-Acetylpropionic acid | HMDB | | (S)-2-Methyl-3-oxobutyric acid | HMDB | | (±)-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid | HMDB | | 3-Keto-2-methylbutyrate | HMDB | | 3-Keto-2-methylbutyric acid | HMDB | | Α-methylacetoacetic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C5H8O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 116.116 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 116.047344118 |
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| IUPAC Name | (2R)-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | (2R)-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 76652-88-5 |
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| SMILES | C[C@H](C(C)=O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-3(4(2)6)5(7)8/h3H,1-2H3,(H,7,8)/t3-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | GCXJINGJZAOJHR-GSVOUGTGSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Keto acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Short-chain keto acids and derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Short-chain keto acids and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Beta-keto acid
- Branched fatty acid
- Methyl-branched fatty acid
- Short-chain keto acid
- Beta-hydroxy ketone
- Fatty acyl
- 1,3-dicarbonyl compound
- Ketone
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carbonyl group
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross Sections| Predictor | Adduct Type | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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| DeepCCS | [M+H]+ | 121.066 | 30932474 | | DeepCCS | [M-H]- | 117.398 | 30932474 | | DeepCCS | [M-2H]- | 154.652 | 30932474 | | DeepCCS | [M+Na]+ | 129.729 | 30932474 |
Predicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.67 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.9718 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.7 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 85.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1207.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 357.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 92.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 220.1 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 60.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 305.7 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 342.0 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 111.5 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 697.5 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 263.8 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 915.0 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 232.2 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 271.3 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 482.5 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 295.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 168.1 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1079.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O | 1183.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,1TMS,isomer #3 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O | 1152.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1302.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1269.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1263.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TMS,isomer #2 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1208.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TMS,isomer #2 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1209.5 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TMS,isomer #2 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1295.7 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(=O)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1286.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O | 1412.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #3 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O | 1355.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1693.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1701.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1600.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1637.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1650.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Methylacetoacetic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1611.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| General References | - Haapalainen AM, Merilainen G, Pirila PL, Kondo N, Fukao T, Wierenga RK: Crystallographic and kinetic studies of human mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase: the importance of potassium and chloride ions for its structure and function. Biochemistry. 2007 Apr 10;46(14):4305-21. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17371050 ]
- Fukao T, Nakamura H, Song XQ, Nakamura K, Orii KE, Kohno Y, Kano M, Yamaguchi S, Hashimoto T, Orii T, Kondo N: Characterization of N93S, I312T, and A333P missense mutations in two Japanese families with mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(4):245-54. [PubMed:9744475 ]
- Fukao T, Zhang GX, Sakura N, Kubo T, Yamaga H, Hazama A, Kohno Y, Matsuo N, Kondo M, Yamaguchi S, Shigematsu Y, Kondo N: The mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency in Japanese patients: urinary organic acid and blood acylcarnitine profiles under stable conditions have subtle abnormalities in T2-deficient patients with some residual T2 activity. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2003;26(5):423-31. [PubMed:14518824 ]
- Fukao T, Kodama A, Aoyanagi N, Tsukino R, Uemura S, Song XQ, Watanebe H, Kuhara T, Matsumoto I, Orii T, Kondo N: Mild form of beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency) in two Japanese siblings: identification of detectable residual activity and cross-reactive material in EB-transformed lymphocytes. Clin Genet. 1996 Oct;50(4):263-6. [PubMed:9001814 ]
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