| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-08-13 15:27:56 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2020-02-26 21:25:05 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0004259 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine |
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| Description | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK) results from the oxidative cleavage of the pyrrole ring during melatonin oxidation by myeloperoxidase (MPO), a superoxide anion (O)-dependent reaction. AFMK is also expected to be formed from oxidation catalyzed by the unspecific enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), found in a variety of cell types including monocyte/macrophage lineages. MPO- and IDO-catalyzed melatonin oxidation has the requirement of O in common, a species formed in large amounts in inflammatory conditions. The non-enzymatic formation of AFMK can also be expected by its direct reaction with highly reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen. Thus, we assume that AFMK is a product formed in a route of melatonin metabolism, especially active in inflammation. As AFMK is biologically more active on leukocytes than melatonin, the metabolizing of melatonin to AFMK at inflammatory sites possibly plays a role in immunomodulation. AFMK is found in the CSF of patients with meningitis, and in some samples at a remarkably high concentration. AFMK was also found in some patients to exceed the concentration of melatonin normally found in serum (PMID: 16150112 ). |
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| Structure | COC1=CC(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C(NC=O)C=C1 InChI=1S/C13H16N2O4/c1-9(17)14-6-5-13(18)11-7-10(19-2)3-4-12(11)15-8-16/h3-4,7-8H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,14,17)(H,15,16) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| N-Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine | HMDB | | AFMK | HMDB | | Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine | HMDB | | N-[3-(2-Formamido-5-methoxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propyl]acetamide | HMDB | | N1-Acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine | HMDB | | NSC 688263 | HMDB | | K1 | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C13H16N2O4 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 264.2771 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 264.11100701 |
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| IUPAC Name | N-[3-(2-formamido-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]acetamide |
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| Traditional Name | N-[3-(2-formamido-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]acetamide |
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| CAS Registry Number | 52450-38-1 |
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| SMILES | COC1=CC(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C(NC=O)C=C1 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C13H16N2O4/c1-9(17)14-6-5-13(18)11-7-10(19-2)3-4-12(11)15-8-16/h3-4,7-8H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,14,17)(H,15,16) |
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| InChI Key | JYWNYMJKURVPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkyl-phenylketones. These are aromatic compounds containing a ketone substituted by one alkyl group, and a phenyl group. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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| Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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| Sub Class | Carbonyl compounds |
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| Direct Parent | Alkyl-phenylketones |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Alkyl-phenylketone
- Methoxyaniline
- Anilide
- Phenoxy compound
- Anisole
- Benzoyl
- Phenol ether
- Methoxybenzene
- N-arylamide
- Aryl alkyl ketone
- Alkyl aryl ether
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Acetamide
- Vinylogous amide
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxamide group
- Ether
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | -0.158 | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 4.46 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 10.5844 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.29 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1577.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 241.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 120.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 164.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 69.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 297.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 411.6 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 106.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 806.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 338.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1157.1 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 265.6 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 281.9 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 324.5 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 188.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 105.3 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(NC=O)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 2555.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(NC=O)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 2672.1 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(NC=O)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 3499.4 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C1 | 2452.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C1 | 2578.0 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C1 | 3240.7 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,2TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 2367.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,2TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 2728.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,2TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)=C1 | 2968.8 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(NC=O)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2791.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(NC=O)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2879.0 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(NC=O)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 3489.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C1 | 2722.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C1 | 2763.2 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C1 | 3312.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 2870.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 3066.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC=C(N(C=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(C(=O)CCN(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 | 3134.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001i-1790000000-08a018599da99d325111 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004r-1941000000-1fd6a7b0aa4a93746dce | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001i-1790000000-08a018599da99d325111 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-004r-1941000000-1fd6a7b0aa4a93746dce | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0kfy-8790000000-29b99509d4ad702e0c17 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 35V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01ri-0900000000-befc2619a8b03b67929f | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 35V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0f79-1920000000-c1e957900fd03a536942 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01bl-0190000000-cc0a8bf1c63ec5bda44d | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05dl-2970000000-e59ea14239ec95d81889 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0fbc-4900000000-87c88186c3d6cd7b6c51 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03dr-0090000000-6ea3042b8fae674f87bb | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00ku-3490000000-f9119264a2c3c8452765 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-9110000000-7e684511197690c0f5cb | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-03di-1190000000-9ea054e52d4b2713e40a | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-9420000000-5c7a32c26de619ab8544 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9410000000-be01b9cb02bd8503009a | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0170-0490000000-010747a672f5eb1374f0 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-05bg-1950000000-b11b95cdcd40b6ee721a | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0kou-2900000000-ab1aed32a73b1f6ab74e | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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| Disease References | | Meningitis |
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- Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Livramento JA, Catalani LH, Campa A: High concentrations of the melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):302-6. [PubMed:16150112 ]
| | Iron deficiency |
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- Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D: Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):863-871. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Epub 2016 Feb 4. [PubMed:26848182 ]
| | Ulcerative colitis |
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- Lee T, Clavel T, Smirnov K, Schmidt A, Lagkouvardos I, Walker A, Lucio M, Michalke B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fedorak R, Haller D: Oral versus intravenous iron replacement therapy distinctly alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in patients with IBD. Gut. 2017 May;66(5):863-871. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309940. Epub 2016 Feb 4. [PubMed:26848182 ]
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