| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:44:37 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:21:06 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0031646 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Acetic anhydride |
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| Description | Acetic anhydride is an esterification agent for use in prepn. of modified food starch and for acetylation of monoglycerides Acetic anhydride is a versatile reagent for acetylations, the introduction of acetyl groups to organic substrates. In these conversions, acetic anhydride is viewed as a source of CH3CO+. Alcohols and amines are readily acetylated. For example, the reaction of acetic anhydride with ethanol yields ethyl acetate: (CH3CO)2O + CH3CH2OH → CH3CO2CH2CH3 + CH3COOH. Acetic anhydride is an irritant and flammable. Because of its reactivity toward water, alcohol foam or carbon dioxide are preferred for fire suppression. The vapour of acetic anhydride is harmful. Acetic anhydride is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO)2O. Commonly abbreviated Ac2O, it is one of the simplest acid anhydrides and is a widely used reagent in organic synthesis. It is a colorless liquid that smells strongly of acetic acid, which is formed by its reaction with the moisture in the air. As indicated by its organic chemistry, Ac2O is mainly used for acetylations leading to commercially significant materials. Its largest application is for the conversion of cellulose to cellulose acetate, which is a component of photographic film and other coated materials. Similarly it is used in the production of aspirin, acetyl salicylic acid, which is prepared by the acetylation of salicylic acid. It is also used as a wood preservative via autoclave impregnation to make a longer lasting timber. Because of its use for the synthesis of heroin by the diacetylation of morphine, acetic anhydride (known as 'AA' in clandestine chemistry circles) is listed as a U.S. DEA List II Precursor, and restricted in many other countries. The largest markets for diverted acetic anhydride continue to be heroin laboratories in Afghanistan |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C4H6O3/c1-3(5)7-4(2)6/h1-2H3 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (CH3CO)2O | ChEBI | | (MeCO)2O | ChEBI | | Ac2O | ChEBI | | Acetanhydride | ChEBI | | Acetic acid anhydride | ChEBI | | Acetyl acetate | ChEBI | | Acetyl oxide | ChEBI | | Anhydride acetique | ChEBI | | Essigsaeureanhydrid | ChEBI | | Ethanoic anhydrate | ChEBI | | Ethanoic anhydride | ChEBI | | Acetate anhydride | Generator | | Acetyl acetic acid | Generator | | Ethanoic anhydric acid | Generator | | Acetic acid, anhydride | HMDB | | Acetic oxide | HMDB | | Acetyl anhydride | HMDB | | Acetyl ether | HMDB | | Acetyltrimethyl-silane | HMDB | | Anhydrid kyseliny octove | HMDB | | Anidride acetica | HMDB | | Azijnzuuranhydride | HMDB | | Octowy bezwodnik | HMDB | | Acetic anhydride, 3H-labeled | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C4H6O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 102.0886 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 102.031694058 |
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| IUPAC Name | acetyl acetate |
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| Traditional Name | acetic anhydride |
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| CAS Registry Number | 108-24-7 |
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| SMILES | CC(=O)OC(C)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H6O3/c1-3(5)7-4(2)6/h1-2H3 |
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| InChI Key | WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid anhydride
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 2.98 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 10.9146 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.13 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1140.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 390.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 108.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 266.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 67.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 334.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 348.9 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 252.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 826.4 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 243.5 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1118.8 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 260.1 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 312.2 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 679.0 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 304.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 295.0 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0006-9000000000-883c860e5905aab2532d | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0w29-9800000000-e55e60193ad8b633285a | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0w29-9800000000-5d2524434f33a1e79cc0 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-8850b43805e8bf48f1f8 | 2015-04-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0zfu-9600000000-2bf62658103ef9ea5137 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0zfr-9600000000-0941637364d795b5d5dc | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-052f-9000000000-6c6e84d48837a0409c37 | 2015-04-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-c01bbbf5bed889264ddb | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-c01bbbf5bed889264ddb | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9000000000-8dc97f621de1cc9e2c11 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-6aa1f4078505fa3b0971 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-87bbaed151efac084591 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Acetic anhydride 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-87bbaed151efac084591 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-04 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-04 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | None |
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| Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB008300 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| Chemspider ID | 7630 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Acetic_anhydride |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 7918 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 36610 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | rw1097401 |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Lou W, Zong M, Fan X, Lu J, Du W: [Asymmetric microbial reduction of organosilyl ketone with immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2002 Aug;42(4):484-9. [PubMed:12557557 ]
- Pratap R, Ram VJ: An efficient de novo synthesis of partially reduced phenanthrenes through C-C insertion. J Org Chem. 2007 Sep 14;72(19):7402-5. Epub 2007 Aug 18. [PubMed:17705542 ]
- Li N, Zong MH, Liu C, Peng HS, Wu HC: (R)-oxynitrilase-catalysed synthesis of chiral silicon-containing aliphatic (R)-ketone-cyanohydrins. Biotechnol Lett. 2003 Feb;25(3):219-22. [PubMed:12882574 ]
- Huang SR, Liu SL, Zong MH, Xu R: Synthesis of (R)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-ethylcyanide catalyzed with (R)-oxynitrilase from loquat seed meal. Biotechnol Lett. 2005 Jan;27(2):79-82. [PubMed:15703868 ]
- Goel A, Verma D, Dixit M, Raghunandan R, Maulik PR: Acetyltrimethylsilane: a novel reagent for the transformation of 2H-pyran-2-ones to unsymmetrical biaryls. J Org Chem. 2006 Jan 20;71(2):804-7. [PubMed:16408998 ]
- Martin D, Illa O, Baceiredo A, Bertrand G, Ortuno RM, Branchadell V: Theoretical and experimental investigation of the basicity of phosphino(silyl)carbenes. J Org Chem. 2005 Jul 8;70(14):5671-7. [PubMed:15989352 ]
- Zhang BB, Cheng J, Lou WY, Wang P, Zong MH: Efficient anti-Prelog enantioselective reduction of acetyltrimethylsilane to (R)-1-trimethylsilylethanol by immobilized Candida parapsilosis CCTCC M203011 cells in ionic liquid-based biphasic systems. Microb Cell Fact. 2012 Aug 16;11:108. doi: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-108. [PubMed:22897972 ]
- Lefebvre O, Brigaud T, Portella C: Acetyltrimethylsilane, trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane, and prenyl esters: a three-component system for the synthesis of gem-difluoroanalogues of monoterpenes. J Org Chem. 2001 Jun 15;66(12):4348-51. [PubMed:11397175 ]
- Xiao ZJ, Zong MH, Lou WY: Highly enantioselective reduction of 4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-2-one to enantiopure (R)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-3-butyn-2-ol using a novel strain Acetobacter sp. CCTCC M209061. Bioresour Technol. 2009 Dec;100(23):5560-5. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.006. Epub 2009 Jun 28. [PubMed:19564106 ]
- Xu R, Zong MH, Liu YY, He J, Zhang YY, Lou WY: Enzymatic enantioselective transcyanation of silicon-containing aliphatic ketone with (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Manihot esculenta. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004 Nov;66(1):27-33. Epub 2004 Aug 12. [PubMed:15309340 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
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