| Record Information |
|---|
| Version | 5.0 |
|---|
| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
|---|
| Creation Date | 2017-09-09 03:29:55 UTC |
|---|
| Update Date | 2022-11-30 19:26:02 UTC |
|---|
| HMDB ID | HMDB0115064 |
|---|
| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
|---|
| Metabolite Identification |
|---|
| Common Name | PA(20:0/16:0) |
|---|
| Description | PA(20:0/16:0) is a phosphatidic acid. It is a glycerophospholipid in which a phosphate moiety occupies a glycerol substitution site. As is the case with diacylglycerols, phosphatidic acids can have many different combinations of fatty acids of varying lengths and saturation attached at the C-1 and C-2 positions. Fatty acids containing 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common. PA(20:0/16:0), in particular, consists of one chain of arachidic acid at the C-1 position and one chain of palmitic acid at the C-2 position. Phosphatidic acids are quite rare but are extremely important as intermediates in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. |
|---|
| Structure | [H][C@@](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COP(O)(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC InChI=1S/C39H77O8P/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-22-23-25-27-29-31-33-38(40)45-35-37(36-46-48(42,43)44)47-39(41)34-32-30-28-26-24-21-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h37H,3-36H2,1-2H3,(H2,42,43,44)/t37-/m1/s1 |
|---|
| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
|---|
| 1-Arachidoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate | HMDB | | 1-Arachidoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-phosphatidic acid | HMDB | | PA(36:0) | HMDB | | Phosphatidic acid(20:0/16:0) | HMDB | | Phosphatidic acid(36:0) | HMDB | | Phosphatidate(20:0/16:0) | HMDB | | Phosphatidate(36:0) | HMDB | | 1-arachidoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate | SMPDB, HMDB | | 1-arachidoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-phosphatidic acid | SMPDB, HMDB | | PA(36:0) | SMPDB, HMDB | | Phosphatidic acid(20:0/16:0) | SMPDB, HMDB | | Phosphatidic acid(36:0) | SMPDB, HMDB | | Phosphatidate(20:0/16:0) | SMPDB, HMDB | | PA(20:0/16:0) | SMPDB |
|
|---|
| Chemical Formula | C39H77O8P |
|---|
| Average Molecular Weight | 705.011 |
|---|
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 704.535606437 |
|---|
| IUPAC Name | [(2R)-2-(hexadecanoyloxy)-3-(icosanoyloxy)propoxy]phosphonic acid |
|---|
| Traditional Name | (2R)-2-(hexadecanoyloxy)-3-(icosanoyloxy)propoxyphosphonic acid |
|---|
| CAS Registry Number | Not Available |
|---|
| SMILES | [H][C@@](COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(COP(O)(O)=O)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC |
|---|
| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C39H77O8P/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-18-19-20-22-23-25-27-29-31-33-38(40)45-35-37(36-46-48(42,43)44)47-39(41)34-32-30-28-26-24-21-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h37H,3-36H2,1-2H3,(H2,42,43,44)/t37-/m1/s1 |
|---|
| InChI Key | ZZAZELNMLDEAIM-DIPNUNPCSA-N |
|---|
| Chemical Taxonomy |
|---|
| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphates. These are glycerol-3-phosphates in which the glycerol moiety is bonded to two aliphatic chains through ester linkages. |
|---|
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|
| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
|---|
| Class | Glycerophospholipids |
|---|
| Sub Class | Glycerophosphates |
|---|
| Direct Parent | 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphates |
|---|
| Alternative Parents | |
|---|
| Substituents | - 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphate
- Fatty acid ester
- Monoalkyl phosphate
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Fatty acyl
- Alkyl phosphate
- Phosphoric acid ester
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organooxygen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
|
|---|
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
|---|
| External Descriptors | |
|---|
| Ontology |
|---|
| Physiological effect | Not Available |
|---|
| Disposition | |
|---|
| Process | Naturally occurring processBiological processBiochemical pathwayMetabolic pathway- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/19:0) (PathBank: SMP0100968)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/a-21:0) (PathBank: SMP0101845)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-14:0) (PathBank: SMP0101849)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-15:0) (PathBank: SMP0101850)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-17:0) (PathBank: SMP0101852)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-18:0) (PathBank: SMP0101853)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-24:0) (PathBank: SMP0101858)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/21:0) (PathBank: SMP0104554)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/a-13:0) (PathBank: SMP0105447)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/a-15:0) (PathBank: SMP0105448)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/a-17:0) (PathBank: SMP0105449)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/10:0) (PathBank: SMP0108274)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/a-25:0) (PathBank: SMP0109157)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-13:0) (PathBank: SMP0109159)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-22:0) (PathBank: SMP0109168)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-20:0) (PathBank: SMP0101855)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-21:0) (PathBank: SMP0101856)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-12:0) (PathBank: SMP0101847)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-19:0) (PathBank: SMP0101854)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/i-16:0) (PathBank: SMP0105456)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:0) (PathBank: SMP0018909)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/22:0) (PathBank: SMP0018910)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/24:0) (PathBank: SMP0018911)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/14:1(9Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018912)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/16:1(9Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018913)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/18:1(11Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018914)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/18:1(9Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018915)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:1(11Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018916)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018917)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/22:1(13Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018918)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/24:1(15Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018919)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018920)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/18:3(6Z,9Z,12Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018921)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018922)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018923)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018924)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018925)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018926)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018927)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018928)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018929)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/22:5(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018930)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) (PathBank: SMP0018931)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/18:0) (PathBank: SMP0026156)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/14:0) (PathBank: SMP0026162)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/13:0) (PathBank: SMP0026167)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/8:0) (PathBank: SMP0026191)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/16:0) (PathBank: SMP0026203)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/15:0) (PathBank: SMP0026208)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/12:0) (PathBank: SMP0026223)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/17:0) (PathBank: SMP0026265)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:2(11Z,14Z)) (PathBank: SMP0033691)
- De Novo Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis TG(20:0/16:0/20:3(8Z,11Z,14Z)) (PathBank: SMP0033692)
|
|---|
| Role | Not Available |
|---|
| Physical Properties |
|---|
| State | Solid |
|---|
| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
|---|
| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
|
|---|
| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
|---|
| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
|---|
| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
|---|
| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 10.41 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 35.2294 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.39 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 5108.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 629.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 381.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 250.7 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1011.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1725.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1617.9 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 235.4 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 3519.5 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1076.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2901.9 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1358.0 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 724.6 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 827.5 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 799.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 9.1 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
|---|
| PA(20:0/16:0),1TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 4906.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),1TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 4445.7 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),1TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 6002.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 4871.3 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 4448.3 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 5238.3 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 5184.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 4555.8 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | PA(20:0/16:0),1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 5951.2 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
|
|---|
| MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
|---|
| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4s-1193303300-1378ca91241d2430a4e1 | 2019-02-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0002-2192112000-b9bb83f4cf6d3652802a | 2019-02-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0fr2-1294053000-3a03c2a49faa78c49953 | 2019-02-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0nov-5095400300-da905bf9aa891529eacf | 2019-02-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-9033000000-f07602abba0bcf9a320f | 2019-02-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-9000000000-c68175e4d008fdfe975e | 2019-02-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0000000900-f85c523bc6724d7e0669 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-114m-1149900600-0e7220a32ee94550e860 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-08fr-1159300100-02134a76a36e7f91a734 | 2021-09-23 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0000000900-b3d01b3daf9f2fb77903 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0000009900-29f19734b913ec00174d | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00vi-0000902300-7b41e572a8112d5afb59 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-052r-0000009500-062fd41b472d2b3aeb9d | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0000007900-1d377e3c669921a51cd5 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - PA(20:0/16:0) 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4m-0005509100-d87331be7966b3130e61 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
|
|---|
| General References | - Moritz A, De Graan PN, Gispen WH, Wirtz KW: Phosphatidic acid is a specific activator of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase. J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 15;267(11):7207-10. [PubMed:1313792 ]
- Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- Divecha N, Irvine RF: Phospholipid signaling. Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):269-78. [PubMed:7834746 ]
- Moolenaar WH, Kruijer W, Tilly BC, Verlaan I, Bierman AJ, de Laat SW: Growth factor-like action of phosphatidic acid. Nature. 1986 Sep 11-17;323(6084):171-3. [PubMed:3748188 ]
- Yang CY, Frohman MA: Mitochondria: signaling with phosphatidic acid. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2012 Aug;44(8):1346-50. doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.05.006. Epub 2012 May 15. [PubMed:22609101 ]
- Cevc, Gregor (1993). Phospholipids Handbook. Marcel Dekker.
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
|
|---|