| Record Information | 
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| Version | 5.0 | 
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| Status | Predicted | 
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| Creation Date | 2021-09-21 21:53:11 UTC | 
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| Update Date | 2021-10-01 16:53:24 UTC | 
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0301192 | 
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None | 
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| Metabolite Identification | 
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| Common Name | (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA | 
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| Description | (4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA or acyl-coenzyme A. More specifically, it is a (4Z_10Z_12E)-tetradeca-4_10_12-trienoic acid thioester of coenzyme A. (4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa is an acyl-CoA with 1 fatty acid group as the acyl moiety attached to coenzyme A. Coenzyme A was discovered in 1946 by Fritz Lipmann (Journal of Biological Chemistry (1946) 162 (3): 743–744) and its structure was determined in the early 1950s at the Lister Institute in London. Coenzyme A is a complex, thiol-containing molecule that is naturally synthesized from pantothenate (vitamin B5), which is found in various foods such as meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk. More specifically, coenzyme A (CoASH or CoA) consists of a beta-mercaptoethylamine group linked to the vitamin pantothenic acid (B5) through an amide linkage and 3'-phosphorylated ADP. Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process that requires four molecules of ATP, pantothenate and cysteine. It is believed that there are more than 1100 types of acyl-CoA’s in the human body, which also corresponds to the number of acylcarnitines in the human body. Acyl-CoAs exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. The general role of acyl-CoA’s is to assist in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. This process facilitates the production of fatty acids in cells, which are essential in cell membrane structure. Acyl-CoA's are also susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA can enter the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP -- or biochemical energy. Acyl-CoAs can be classified into 9 different categories depending on the size of their acyl-group: 1) short-chain acyl-CoAs; 2) medium-chain acyl-CoAs; 3) long-chain acyl-CoAs; and 4) very long-chain acyl-CoAs; 5) hydroxy acyl-CoAs; 6) branched chain acyl-CoAs; 7) unsaturated acyl-CoAs; 8) dicarboxylic acyl-CoAs and 9) miscellaneous acyl-CoAs. Short-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with two to four carbons (C2-C4), medium-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with five to eleven carbons (C5-C11), long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl-groups with twelve to twenty carbons (C12-C20) while very long-chain acyl-CoAs have acyl groups with more than 20 carbons. (4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa is therefore classified as a short chain acyl-CoA. The oxidative degradation of fatty acids is a two-step process, catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase/synthase. Fatty acids are first converted to their acyl phosphate, the precursor to acyl-CoA. The latter conversion is mediated by acyl-CoA synthase. Three types of acyl-CoA synthases are employed, depending on the chain length of the fatty acid. (4z,10z,12e)-tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-coa, being a short chain acyl-CoA is a substrate for short chain acyl-CoA synthase. The second step of fatty acid degradation is beta oxidation. Beta oxidation occurs in mitochondria and, in the case of very long chain acyl-CoAs, the peroxisome. After its formation in the cytosol, (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA is transported into the mitochondria, the locus of beta oxidation. Transport of (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA into the mitochondria requires carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), which converts (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA into (4Z_10Z_12E)-Tetradeca-4_10_12-trienoylcarnitine, which gets transported into the mitochondrial matrix. Once in the matrix, (4Z_10Z_12E)-Tetradeca-4_10_12-trienoylcarnitine is converted back to (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA by CPT2, whereupon beta-oxidation can begin. Beta oxidation of (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA occurs in four steps. First, since (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA is a short chain acyl-CoA it is the substrate for a short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which catalyzes dehydrogenation of (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA, creating a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. FAD is the hydrogen acceptor, yielding FADH2. Second, Enoyl-CoA hydrase catalyzes the addition of water across the newly formed double bond to make an alcohol. Third, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase oxidizes the alcohol group to a ketone and NADH is produced from NAD+. Finally, Thiolase cleaves between the alpha carbon and ketone to release one molecule of acetyl-CoA and a new acyl-CoA which is now 2 carbons shorter. This four-step process repeats until (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA has had all its carbons removed from the chain, leaving only acetyl-CoA. Beta oxidation, as well as alpha-oxidation, also occurs in the peroxisome. The peroxisome handles beta oxidation of fatty acids that have more than 20 carbons in their chain because the peroxisome contains very-long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetases and dehydrogenases. The heart primarily metabolizes fat for energy and Acyl-CoA metabolism has been identified as a critical molecule in early-stage heart muscle pump failure. Cellular acyl-CoA content also correlates with insulin resistance, suggesting that it can mediate lipotoxicity in non-adipose tissues. Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) plays an important role in energy metabolism on account of key enzyme in triglyceride biosynthesis. The study of acyl-CoAs is an active area of research and it is likely that many novel acyl-CoAs will be discovered in the coming years. It is also likely that many novel roles in health and disease will be uncovered for these molecules. | 
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| Structure | CC=CC=CCCCCC=CCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N InChI=1S/C35H56N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-26(44)63-19-18-37-25(43)16-17-38-33(47)30(46)35(2,3)21-56-62(53,54)59-61(51,52)55-20-24-29(58-60(48,49)50)28(45)34(57-24)42-23-41-27-31(36)39-22-40-32(27)42/h4-7,12-13,22-24,28-30,34,45-46H,8-11,14-21H2,1-3H3,(H,37,43)(H,38,47)(H,51,52)(H,53,54)(H2,36,39,40)(H2,48,49,50)  | 
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source | 
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 | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoylsulfanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidate | HMDB |  | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidate | HMDB |  | 4-({[({[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)oxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-(2-{[2-(tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoylsulphanyl)ethyl]-C-hydroxycarbonimidoyl}ethyl)butanimidic acid | HMDB |  
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| Chemical Formula | C35H56N7O17P3S | 
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| Average Molecular Weight | 971.85 | 
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 971.266625539 | 
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| IUPAC Name | {[5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy({[hydroxy({3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy})phosphoryl]oxy})phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid | 
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| Traditional Name | [5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-({[hydroxy([hydroxy(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3-[(2-{[2-(tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]propoxy)phosphoryl]oxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)oxolan-3-yl]oxyphosphonic acid | 
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| CAS Registry Number | Not Available | 
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| SMILES | CC=CC=CCCCCC=CCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)C(O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC1OC(C(O)C1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N  | 
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C35H56N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-26(44)63-19-18-37-25(43)16-17-38-33(47)30(46)35(2,3)21-56-62(53,54)59-61(51,52)55-20-24-29(58-60(48,49)50)28(45)34(57-24)42-23-41-27-31(36)39-22-40-32(27)42/h4-7,12-13,22-24,28-30,34,45-46H,8-11,14-21H2,1-3H3,(H,37,43)(H,38,47)(H,51,52)(H,53,54)(H2,36,39,40)(H2,48,49,50)  | 
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| InChI Key | KMFABAWLBRFPBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N | 
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| Chemical Taxonomy | 
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| Description |  Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acyl coas. These are acyl CoAs where the group acylated to the coenzyme A moiety is a long aliphatic chain of 13 to 21 carbon atoms. | 
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds   | 
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules   | 
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| Class | Fatty Acyls   | 
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| Sub Class | Fatty acyl thioesters   | 
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| Direct Parent | Long-chain fatty acyl CoAs   | 
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| Alternative Parents |  | 
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| Substituents | - Coenzyme a or derivatives
 
- Purine ribonucleoside diphosphate
 
- Purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate
 
- Purine ribonucleoside 3',5'-bisphosphate
 
- Ribonucleoside 3'-phosphate
 
- Pentose-5-phosphate
 
- Pentose phosphate
 
- N-glycosyl compound
 
- Glycosyl compound
 
- Beta amino acid or derivatives
 
- Pentose monosaccharide
 
- Organic pyrophosphate
 
- Monosaccharide phosphate
 
- 6-aminopurine
 
- Purine
 
- Imidazopyrimidine
 
- Monoalkyl phosphate
 
- Aminopyrimidine
 
- Imidolactam
 
- Alkyl phosphate
 
- Pyrimidine
 
- Phosphoric acid ester
 
- Organic phosphoric acid derivative
 
- N-substituted imidazole
 
- N-acyl-amine
 
- Monosaccharide
 
- Fatty amide
 
- Heteroaromatic compound
 
- Tetrahydrofuran
 
- Imidazole
 
- Azole
 
- Carbothioic s-ester
 
- Thiocarboxylic acid ester
 
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
 
- Secondary alcohol
 
- Carboxamide group
 
- Amino acid or derivatives
 
- Oxacycle
 
- Azacycle
 
- Organoheterocyclic compound
 
- Sulfenyl compound
 
- Thiocarboxylic acid or derivatives
 
- Carboxylic acid derivative
 
- Organic nitrogen compound
 
- Organic oxygen compound
 
- Organopnictogen compound
 
- Organic oxide
 
- Hydrocarbon derivative
 
- Primary amine
 
- Organosulfur compound
 
- Organooxygen compound
 
- Organonitrogen compound
 
- Carbonyl group
 
- Amine
 
- Alcohol
 
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
 
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds | 
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| External Descriptors | Not Available | 
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| Ontology | 
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| Physiological effect | Not Available | 
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| Disposition | Not Available | 
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| Process | Not Available | 
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| Role | Not Available | 
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| Physical Properties | 
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| State | Not Available | 
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference | 
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 | Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available |  | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available |  | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available |  | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |  
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available | 
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| Predicted Molecular Properties |  | 
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference | 
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 | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 13.7109 minutes | 33406817   |  | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 7.18 minutes | 32390414   |  | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2601.7 seconds | 40023050   |  | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 143.3 seconds | 40023050   |  | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 153.7 seconds | 40023050   |  | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 166.4 seconds | 40023050   |  | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 146.5 seconds | 40023050   |  | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 497.0 seconds | 40023050   |  | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 544.1 seconds | 40023050   |  | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 824.1 seconds | 40023050   |  | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1022.4 seconds | 40023050   |  | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 607.8 seconds | 40023050   |  | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 822.7 seconds | 40023050   |  | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 387.1 seconds | 40023050   |  | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 291.3 seconds | 40023050   |  | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 418.3 seconds | 40023050   |  | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 183.4 seconds | 40023050   |  | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 12.4 seconds | 40023050   |  
 Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesNot Available | 
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 | GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View | 
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 | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | Not Available | 2022-08-06 | Not Available | View Spectrum |  
 MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View | 
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 | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA  10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0000000009-416bbac9c2587de7b3ef | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA  20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0600000349-0d4bdbcff11ec3725624 | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA  40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-0101900000-25122c7f30b72b6fe537 | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA  10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0000000009-26383413e72669b8ef30 | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA  20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0g6r-3010201309-9ccb72b958919a34c16d | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - (4Z,10Z,12E)-Tetradeca-4,10,12-trienoyl-CoA  40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0fvr-4003502918-e091f7ec3aaec364d3ff | 2021-10-21 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |  
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